Dental fillings and veneers are among the most common methods to revive the health and beauty of teeth.
In this guide, we delve deep into the intricacies of dental fillings and veneers, offering you all you need to know about these dental treatments.
While these dental procedures are relatively straightforward, the aftercare can sometimes come with its own set of queries and precautions. For instance, did you ever wonder what might happen if you light up a cigarette shortly after getting a dental filling? It might be more consequential than you'd think.
Understanding Dental Fillings
Dental fillings are a staple in restorative dentistry. They are used to repair teeth that have been affected by decay or minor fractures.
No matter what question you have about dental fillings, don’t worry — we’ll cover it here!
What are Dental Fillings?
At their core, dental fillings are materials placed in/on teeth to replace decayed portions and restore the tooth's integrity and function. They prevent further decay by sealing off spaces where bacteria can enter.
Why and When Are They Needed?
Teeth are constantly exposed to elements that can lead to decay.
When the outer layer of the tooth (enamel) gets eroded, and the inner layer (dentin) gets exposed, cavities form.
Cavities are essentially tiny holes or openings in teeth.
Left untreated, they can grow, leading to severe dental issues. Fillings are the first line of defense against these cavities.
Different Types of Fillings
Dental fillings come in various materials, each with its own set of advantages:
Amalgam Fillings: Silver in color, these are made of a combination of metals and are known for their durability.
Composite Fillings: These are tooth-colored fillings, blending seamlessly with natural teeth. They are made of a composite resin material.
Gold Fillings: Considered by many to be the best filling material, they are made of gold and can last over a decade. However, they are rarely used in modern dentistry.
Ceramic Fillings: Made of porcelain, these are resistant to staining and abrasive to opposing teeth. These are made in a laboratory and come with an additional expense, so they are not commonly used today.
Glass Ionomer: A blend of acrylic and a specific type of glass material. These release fluoride, which can help prevent further tooth decay.
Regardless of the type of filling one gets, understanding the post-procedure care is crucial. This includes knowing dietary precautions, understanding potential sensitivity issues, and being aware of habits, like smoking, which might interfere with the healing process.
The Procedure for Dental Fillings
1. Pre-procedure
Diagnosis and deciding on the type of filling.
Before a filling is placed, the dentist will conduct a thorough examination. This often involves taking X-rays to determine the extent of the decay.
Once diagnosed, the dentist will discuss the best type of filling material for your specific situation. Factors influencing this decision include the extent of the repair, the location of the filling (front or back teeth), the patient's medical history, esthetic preferences, and cost.
2. During the procedure
Steps involved:
1. Removal of decay: The dentist will first numb the area around the tooth with a local anesthetic. After ensuring that the area is completely numb, the dentist will remove the decayed portion using specialized tools (a handpiece and burs). This is done with care to ensure that only the decayed parts are removed, preserving as much of the healthy tooth as possible.
2. Cleaning and prepping the cavity: After removing the decay, the dentist will clean the cavity to get rid of bacteria and debris. Depending on the type of filling being used, the cavity might also be shaped or etched to ensure the filling material adheres properly.
3. Placement of restoration: The dentist will then place the filling material into the cavity. If a bonded filling is used, the dentist will first apply an adhesive before the filling. Once placed, the filling will be shaped to match the contour of the tooth. For certain types of fillings, a special curing light may be used to harden and set the material.
3. Post-procedure
Immediate aftercare and what to expect:
After the filling is in place, you may feel numbness from the anesthetic for a few hours. It's essential to be cautious while eating or drinking to avoid injuring your cheek or tongue.
Some mild discomfort or sensitivity is normal after the procedure but should subside within a few days. If the pain persists, it's essential to contact your dentist.
Post-Procedural Care & Precautions
1. Dietary recommendations
Foods to avoid and consume:
After getting a dental filling, avoid hot or cold foods and beverages for 24 hours as your tooth might be sensitive.
Chewy, sticky, or hard foods should also be avoided for a couple of days (especially if you've received an amalgam filling which takes time to set).
2. Sensitivity issues
It's not uncommon to experience sensitivity to heat, cold, or pressure after a dental filling. Typically, this sensitivity will subside within a week or two.
Over-the-counter pain relievers and desensitizing toothpaste can help. If sensitivity persists, consult your dentist.
3. Activities to avoid
Be cautious when chewing food while the area is still numb. If you bite your tongue or cheek while chewing, you may not notice it immediately — but it will be very apparent (and painful) once the numbness is gone!
For the first 24 hours post-procedure, avoid vigorous physical activity (if possible) as this can increase blood flow and exacerbate any lingering numbness or discomfort.
4. Impact of habits
It's recommended to abstain from smoking for at least 24 hours post-procedure. The heat can cause tissue burns, and the substances in tobacco products can worsen the inflammation and discomfort in the gums that often accompanies fillings.
5. Oral hygiene after the procedure
Maintaining good oral hygiene is crucial after getting a filling.
You can continue brushing and flossing as usual but do so gently, especially around the newly filled area.
Rinsing with salt water can help alleviate any gum soreness. Avoid mouthwashes with alcohol for the first few days as they can intensify sensitivity.
Veneers vs. Fillings
Definition of veneers and how they work
Veneers are thin shells, typically made of porcelain or composite resin, designed to cover the front surface of a tooth. They're custom-made to fit an individual's tooth and are bonded to the teeth's surface to improve their appearance.
Veneers can change the color, shape, size, or length of the teeth. Because the veneers are made in a laboratory, rather than inside the mouth, technicians have more freedom to shape, smooth, and polish veneers than a dentist would have with a regular filling. For this reason, veneers usually provide better cosmetic results.
Situations where veneers are more appropriate than fillings.
While fillings are primarily used to restore teeth damaged by decay, veneers are used for cosmetic purposes and to correct issues like:
Discolored teeth that don't respond to whitening treatments.
Worn down, chipped, or broken teeth.
Misaligned, uneven, or irregularly shaped teeth.
Teeth with gaps between them.
Advantages and disadvantages of both fillings & veneers
Fillings
Advantages:
Directly addresses and stops decay.
Preserves more of the natural tooth.
Generally less expensive than veneers.
Faster procedure than veneers.
Disadvantages:
Might not be as esthetically pleasing as veneers, depending on the material used.
Over time, fillings may need replacement.
Larger fillings can weaken the tooth structure.
Veneers
Advantages:
Provide a natural tooth appearance and excellent cosmetic results.
Porcelain resists stains better than resin.
Can correct multiple cosmetic issues at once.
Are generally more durable than composite fillings.
Disadvantages:
More expensive than fillings.
The process is irreversible since a small amount of enamel needs to be removed to place the veneer.
If broken, veneers often need to be fully replaced.
Potential Risks and Complications
Possible complications post-filling:
Infection: Although rare, deep fillings often result in necrosis of the nerve, which leads to an infection. In this case, it wasn’t the filling that “caused” the infection — it was the decay that the filling attempted to fix.
Allergic Reactions: Some people might be allergic to materials used in fillings, resulting in itching or rashes.
Tooth Sensitivity: Particularly to hot, cold, sweet, or acidic foods.
Cracks or breaks: In the filling or the tooth itself.
Dislodging of the filling: Especially if the tooth is exposed to undue pressure before the filling has set completely.
How to identify an issue and when to contact the dentist
Your dentist will regularly evaluate your fillings for any signs of wear, cracks, or damage.
Between dental appointments, if you notice sharp edges, if the tooth feels differently when you bite down, or if you experience persistent pain or sensitivity, it's time to revisit your dentist.
Managing and preventing complications.
Regular Dental Check-ups: Essential to identify potential problems before they become severe.
Oral Hygiene: Regular brushing, flossing, and rinsing will keep the filled area clean and reduce the risk of infection.
Avoiding Hard or Sticky Foods: Especially right after the procedure, can prevent dislodging or damaging the filling.
Being Aware of Allergies: Inform your dentist of any known allergies before undergoing the filling procedure.
Amalgam vs. Composite Fillings: A Deeper Look
Amalgam Fillings: Commonly known as "silver fillings," these are made from a mixture of metals, including mercury, silver, tin, and copper.
Composite Fillings: Often termed "tooth-colored fillings," they are crafted from a composite resin, offering a shade that matches the natural tooth.
Advantages & Disadvantages:
Amalgam Fillings
Pros:
Durable and long-lasting.
Withstands chewing pressure, suitable for molars.
Typically more affordable than composite fillings.
Cons:
Noticeable silver color.
More tooth material removal needed.
Concerns about mercury content (though deemed safe by FDA standards).
Composite Fillings
Pros:
Aesthetically pleasing.
Directly bonds to the tooth, providing support.
Preserves more tooth structure.
Cons:
Might not endure as long as amalgam in high-pressure areas.
Potential discoloration over time.
Generally costlier than amalgam.
Decision Factors:
Choosing between amalgam and composite depends on the tooth's location, budget, esthetic desires, and potential material concerns. A consultation with a dentist is crucial to make an informed choice tailored to individual needs.
Final Thoughts
Modern dentistry provides an array of solutions, like dental fillings and veneers, to combat decay and enhance our smiles. While fillings focus on restoring tooth function, veneers cater to esthetic improvements.
Each method comes with its benefits and challenges. Being informed about the procedures, post-care, and potential risks ensures optimal results.
* Though the author of this post is a licensed dentist in the state of Kansas, this information is provided for informational and educational purposes only. Please use your best judgment and contact emergency medical services in the event of an emergency.