When a tooth is extracted, in 99%+ of cases the entire tooth (including its roots) will be completely removed from the socket. However, in rare circumstances, the extraction may not be complete, leaving behind fragments of tooth or roots.
This incomplete extraction can lead to various symptoms and complications that require prompt attention and treatment.
In this article, we’ll explore the symptoms of incomplete tooth extraction, its causes, risks, and complications, as well as how to properly manage pain and when to seek professional help. We will also discuss referral to a specialist and the potential legal implications of incomplete tooth extraction.
Quick Answer: What are the Symptoms of Incomplete Tooth Extraction?
When a tooth extraction is incomplete, common symptoms may include persistent pain, infection risk, swelling, difficulty chewing, and an unpleasant taste or odor.
Note that in almost all cases, when a person thinks that “part of the tooth didn’t get removed,” it is actually just a bone spur that feels like “part of the tooth.” Very rarely does the tip of a tooth root get left behind — and if so, your dentist will let you know.
One of the most common symptoms of an incomplete tooth extraction is persistent pain in the area where the tooth was removed.
This pain can be a sign that some parts of the tooth or root were not completely extracted, leading to irritation and discomfort.
*However, it is much more likely that the pain is a result of either normal healing or a post-operative complication (such as infection or dry socket) that is not a remaining portion of the tooth.
In some circumstances, this pain can worsen and even lead to more severe complications.
In addition to pain, infection is another significant concern with incomplete tooth extractions.
Symptoms of infection may include increased pain, swelling, redness, and even pus drainage from the extraction site.
It is crucial to address any signs of infection promptly to prevent it from spreading and causing further complications.
If your dentist or oral surgeon chose to leave part of the tooth behind, he/she will almost always prescribe an antibiotic to minimize infection risk.
“Part of the Tooth Is Still There” — An Important Note!
Your dentist or oral surgeon will inform you immediately if any part of the tooth has been intentionally left behind.
Experiencing discomfort, such as pain or the sensation of a bone spur, does not necessarily indicate an incomplete extraction.
These symptoms can be part of the normal healing process.
It’s important for patients to understand that such sensations are common and may not suggest any complications with the extraction procedure itself.
Symptoms to Watch Out For
One of the most prominent symptoms of incomplete tooth extraction is infection, which can result in symptoms such as fever, swollen lymph nodes, and a foul taste or odor in the mouth. Bleeding and swelling around the extraction site are also common signs of incomplete extraction.
If you experience any of these symptoms, you should consult a dental professional.
Additionally, the presence of foreign objects in the extraction site can increase the risk of infection and other complications. Therefore, it is important to be vigilant about any unusual symptoms or changes in your oral health following a tooth extraction to ensure proper healing and prevent potential long-term issues.
Causes of Incomplete Tooth Extraction
Various factors can contribute to incomplete tooth extraction.
The most common cause of an incomplete tooth extraction is when the risks of removing the broken tip of the root exceed the benefits of removing it. Generally, this occurs when the tip of the root is very close to the sinus (upper teeth) or inferior alveolar nerve (lower teeth).
Inexperienced or inadequately trained dental professionals may inadvertently leave behind fragments of tooth or roots during the extraction process.
Additionally, complex cases that involve impacted teeth or underlying structural abnormalities may increase the risk of incomplete extraction.
Risks & Complications
Incomplete tooth extraction poses several risks and complications.
The presence of remaining tooth fragments or roots can lead to infection, which can spread to the surrounding gums, jawbone, and other teeth.
If left untreated, this infection can cause significant pain, swelling, and overall discomfort.
In some cases, it may even lead to the formation of abscesses.
Due to the increased infection risk, your dentist will likely place you on an antibiotic as a precaution any time an extraction is left “incomplete.”
How to Properly Manage Pain
If you experience pain following an incomplete tooth extraction, there are several steps you can take to manage it effectively.
Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can provide temporary relief.
Your dentist or oral surgeon may also provide prescription pain medication.
Applying a cold compress to the affected area can help reduce swelling and discomfort.
Keep in mind that experiencing pain after an extraction does not indicate that anything is “wrong” or that part of the tooth was “left behind.”
When to Seek Professional Help
You should seek professional help from a dental professional if you experience any symptoms of incomplete tooth extraction.
Prompt treatment can help prevent further complications and ensure proper healing. If your symptoms worsen or persist beyond a few days, make an appointment with your dentist or oral surgeon for a thorough evaluation.
Referral to a Specialist
In complex cases of incomplete tooth extraction, referral to a specialist may be necessary.
Oral and maxillofacial surgeons specialize in complex tooth extractions and can provide the expertise needed to address any remaining fragments or roots correctly.
If your dental professional recommends a referral, it is essential to follow their advice to achieve the best possible outcome.
Legal Implications
In the rare instance that a tooth extraction doesn't go as planned, it's important to understand that most dental professionals are committed to rectifying the situation.
If an extraction is incomplete due to unforeseen circumstances, your dentist will likely take immediate steps to address any issues, ensuring your comfort and health are prioritized. These situations typically can be resolved directly with your dental care provider, almost always without the need for legal action.
Open communication with your dentist is key to finding a satisfactory solution, which may include additional treatment or adjustments at little to no extra cost.
Final Thoughts
Incomplete tooth extraction can lead to various symptoms and complications that require immediate attention. Recognizing the symptoms, understanding the causes, and seeking timely professional help are crucial for proper management and prevention of further complications.
By choosing a qualified dental professional and addressing any concerns promptly, you can ensure a successful tooth extraction and maintain optimal oral health. And remember, just because you’re having post-operative pain does not mean that part of the tooth was left behind.
FAQs
What happens if a piece of tooth is left behind after extraction?
If a piece of tooth is left behind after extraction, it can lead to infection or abscess because the remaining fragment can harbor bacteria. Additionally, it may cause discomfort or pain as the gum heals around it. In some cases, the body might try to expel the fragment, leading to prolonged healing times.
Despite these risks, there are times when a dentist or oral surgeon may choose not to remove the tip of the root — usually when the root tip is very near the sinus or a nerve.
What happens if a tooth extraction is not done properly?
Improper tooth extraction can result in several complications, including infection, excessive bleeding, damage to surrounding teeth or jawbone, and the possibility of leaving tooth or bone fragments behind. It may also lead to a dry socket, where the blood clot fails to form or is dislodged, exposing the bone and nerves.
But it’s important to understand that these symptoms — bleeding, infection, and dry socket — also can occur without any wrongdoing on the part of the dentist.
What happens if a root is left in the gum?
If a root is left in the gum, it can act as a source of infection or irritation. Over time, it may cause the formation of a cyst or abscess. In some cases, the body may naturally expel the root fragment, but often, additional dental surgery is required to remove it and prevent further complications.
What happens if tooth extraction hole doesn't close?
If the tooth extraction hole doesn't close, it can lead to a dry socket, characterized by severe pain due to the exposure of underlying bones and nerves. It also increases the risk of infection since the open wound can collect food particles and bacteria.
How long does it take for bone fragments to come out of gums?
Bone fragments, or bone spicules, may work their way out of the gums over a period of weeks or months after an extraction. This process can cause discomfort as the sharp pieces of bone move through the gum tissue. In some cases, these bone spurs will remain embedded in the gums or bone indefinitely.
Is it OK to leave a broken tooth root in gum?
In some cases, particularly when the root trip fractures near the tip and removal poses a risk of significant trauma, a dentist may decide to leave a broken tooth root in the gum. This is assessed on a case-by-case basis, and the potential risks of removal are weighed against the risks of leaving the fragment in place.
What is the most common complication of tooth extraction?
The most common complication of tooth extraction is dry socket (alveolar osteitis), which occurs when the blood clot fails to form in the extraction site or is dislodged prematurely. This leads to exposed bone and nerves and can cause significant pain and delay the healing process.
* Though the author of this post is a licensed dentist in the state of Kansas, this information is provided for informational and educational purposes only. Please use your best judgment and contact emergency medical services in the event of an emergency.